| Characteristic |
14_16w, N = 1,295 |
19_21w, N = 1,301 |
32_34w, N = 650 |
| Ferritin_ugL |
55 (34, 81) |
35 (21, 59) |
15 (9, 24) |
| Ferritin_less15 |
58 (4.5%) |
171 (13%) |
332 (51%) |
| Ferritin_less30 |
269 (21%) |
549 (42%) |
543 (84%) |
| Ferritin_less12 |
33 (2.5%) |
107 (8.2%) |
258 (40%) |
| sTFR_mgL |
3.36 (2.98, 3.77) |
3.62 (3.24, 4.10) |
4.73 (4.03, 5.68) |
| sTFR_Deficiency |
88 (6.8%) |
201 (15%) |
398 (61%) |
| BIS_mgkgBW |
8.6 (6.7, 10.1) |
6.8 (4.7, 8.6) |
2.6 (0.5, 4.7) |
| BIS_Deficiency |
7 (0.5%) |
17 (1.3%) |
130 (20%) |
| CRP_mgL |
2.8 (1.2, 6.3) |
2.8 (1.2, 6.4) |
2.6 (1.2, 5.7) |
| CRP_elevated |
420 (32%) |
415 (32%) |
193 (30%) |
| CRPAGP_elevated |
421 (33%) |
415 (32%) |
194 (30%) |
| CRP_greater5 |
420 (32%) |
415 (32%) |
193 (30%) |
| CRP_greater10 |
74 (5.7%) |
84 (6.5%) |
29 (4.5%) |
| AGP_gL |
0.56 (0.49, 0.65) |
0.52 (0.45, 0.61) |
0.51 (0.45, 0.60) |
| AGP_elevated |
12 (0.9%) |
2 (0.2%) |
2 (0.3%) |
| Characteristic |
N = 260 |
| Ferritin_ugL_cord |
171: (63, 112, 225, 282) |
| sTFR_mgL_cord |
7.64: (4.93, 6.44, 8.87, 12.88) |
| BIS_mgkgBW_cord |
9.57: (5.39, 8.02, 11.04, 12.28) |
| CRP_mgL_cord |
0.00: (0.00, 0.00, 0.20, 0.47) |
| AGP_gL_cord |
0.20: (0.11, 0.16, 0.26, 0.37) |
| Characteristic |
N = 260 |
| CRP > 5 |
7 (2.7%) |
| CRP > 10 |
2 (0.8%) |
| AGP > 1 |
|
| No |
260 (100%) |
| sTFR > 4.4 |
257 (99%) |
| TBI < 0 |
3 (1.2%) |
Firs table represents mothers with at least one visit information on biomarkers (out of 15,20,33 weeks). The second is the mothers with cord biomarker data.
The third table here represents the p values for bootstrap tests. These tests illustrate if our true sample of mothers with cord biomarkers are different from the overall population of mothers we have in this study.
Our mothers with cord biomarkers have babies with larger birthweights and lower rates of SGA.
| Characteristic |
N = 1,316 |
| Ethnicity_White |
1,282 (98%) |
| Unknown |
2 |
| CountryofBirth_Ireland |
1,051 (80%) |
| Relationship_Stable |
1,236 (94%) |
| IncomeHousehold_less21k |
111 (8.8%) |
| Unknown |
52 |
| University_education |
933 (71%) |
| Maternal_Age_Delivery |
31.0 (28.0, 33.0) |
| Smoker_1st_trim |
294 (22%) |
| Maternal_Obesity_14_16w |
164 (12%) |
| Unknown |
1 |
| Delivery_Mode_CS |
368 (28%) |
| Unknown |
10 |
| Sex |
579 (44%) |
| Unknown |
7 |
| Infant_GAw |
40.00 (39.00, 41.00) |
| Unknown |
6 |
| Preterm |
64 (4.9%) |
| Unknown |
6 |
| SGA |
125 (9.5%) |
| Unknown |
1 |
| Birthweight |
3,480 (3,160, 3,795) |
| Unknown |
9 |
| Characteristic |
N = 260 |
| Ethnicity_White |
250 (96%) |
| CountryofBirth_Ireland |
205 (79%) |
| Relationship_Stable |
244 (94%) |
| IncomeHousehold_less21k |
20 (7.8%) |
| Unknown |
5 |
| University_education |
195 (75%) |
| Maternal_Age_Delivery |
32.0 (29.0, 34.0) |
| Smoker_1st_trim |
50 (19%) |
| Maternal_Obesity_14_16w |
39 (15%) |
| Delivery_Mode_CS |
66 (25%) |
| Unknown |
1 |
| Sex |
104 (40%) |
| Unknown |
1 |
| Infant_GAw |
40.00 (39.00, 41.00) |
| Unknown |
1 |
| Preterm |
7 (2.7%) |
| Unknown |
1 |
| SGA |
15 (5.8%) |
| Unknown |
1 |
| Birthweight |
3,550 (3,290, 3,855) |
| Unknown |
1 |
| Variable |
Exact p value |
| White |
0.148 |
| Country of Birth = Ireland |
0.7 |
| Stable Relationship |
0.914 |
| HH Income < 21k |
0.581 |
| University Education |
0.153 |
| Maternal Age @ Delivery |
0.074 |
| Smoker |
0.222 |
| Obesity |
0.247 |
| C-Section |
0.343 |
| Sex |
0.208 |
| Infant GA (weeks) |
1 |
| Preterm |
0.097 |
| SGA |
0.048 |
| Birthweight |
0.006 |
Cord Ferritin Density Plots
Cord Biomarker Scatterplots
Quick look at Maternal Ferritin for cord Ferritin < 76
Birth Outcomes split by Maternal Ferritin Status
In order: Ferritin < 15µg/L @ 15weeks, 20 weeks, 33 weeks
| Characteristic |
ID, N = 63 |
Non-ID, N = 1,274 |
p-value |
| C-section Delivery |
14 (23%) |
365 (29%) |
0.3 |
| Unknown |
1 |
10 |
|
| Infant_GAw |
40.00 (39.00, 40.75) |
40.00 (39.00, 41.00) |
0.4 |
| Unknown |
1 |
5 |
|
| Preterm |
3 (4.8%) |
60 (4.7%) |
>0.9 |
| Unknown |
1 |
5 |
|
| Apgar Score at 1min |
9.00 (9.00, 9.00) |
9.00 (9.00, 9.00) |
0.2 |
| Unknown |
1 |
18 |
|
| Apgar Score at 5min |
10.00 (9.00, 10.00) |
10.00 (9.00, 10.00) |
0.8 |
| Unknown |
1 |
18 |
|
| Birthweight |
3,510 (3,250, 3,690) |
3,480 (3,160, 3,800) |
>0.9 |
| Unknown |
1 |
8 |
|
| Birthweight Centile |
46 (27, 64) |
44 (22, 70) |
0.8 |
| Unknown |
1 |
9 |
|
| LBW |
6 (9.7%) |
54 (4.3%) |
0.056 |
| Unknown |
1 |
8 |
|
| Small for Gestational Age |
5 (7.9%) |
124 (9.7%) |
0.6 |
| Unknown |
0 |
1 |
|
| Admitted to Neonatal Unit |
10 (16%) |
187 (15%) |
0.8 |
| Unknown |
1 |
6 |
|
| Characteristic |
ID, N = 179 |
Non-ID, N = 1,165 |
p-value |
| C-section Delivery |
46 (26%) |
335 (29%) |
0.4 |
| Unknown |
2 |
10 |
|
| Infant_GAw |
40.00 (39.00, 41.00) |
40.00 (39.00, 41.00) |
0.6 |
| Unknown |
2 |
5 |
|
| Preterm |
7 (4.0%) |
58 (5.0%) |
0.5 |
| Unknown |
2 |
5 |
|
| Apgar Score at 1min |
9.00 (8.00, 9.00) |
9.00 (9.00, 9.00) |
0.13 |
| Unknown |
3 |
17 |
|
| Apgar Score at 5min |
10.00 (9.00, 10.00) |
10.00 (9.00, 10.00) |
0.8 |
| Unknown |
3 |
17 |
|
| Birthweight |
3,550 (3,240, 3,750) |
3,480 (3,150, 3,800) |
0.2 |
| Unknown |
2 |
8 |
|
| Birthweight Centile |
51 (28, 73) |
43 (21, 69) |
0.034 |
| Unknown |
2 |
9 |
|
| Small for Gestational Age |
16 (9.0%) |
116 (10.0%) |
0.7 |
| Unknown |
1 |
1 |
|
| LBW |
8 (4.5%) |
54 (4.7%) |
>0.9 |
| Unknown |
2 |
8 |
|
| Admitted to Neonatal Unit |
24 (14%) |
177 (15%) |
0.6 |
| Unknown |
2 |
6 |
|
| Characteristic |
ID, N = 340 |
Non-ID, N = 327 |
p-value |
| C-section Delivery |
102 (30%) |
88 (27%) |
0.4 |
| Unknown |
1 |
0 |
|
| Infant_GAw |
40.00 (39.00, 41.00) |
40.00 (39.00, 40.00) |
0.005 |
| Unknown |
1 |
0 |
|
| Preterm |
9 (2.7%) |
19 (5.8%) |
0.043 |
| Unknown |
1 |
0 |
|
| Apgar Score at 1min |
9.00 (9.00, 9.00) |
9.00 (9.00, 9.00) |
0.2 |
| Unknown |
2 |
0 |
|
| Apgar Score at 5min |
10.00 (9.00, 10.00) |
10.00 (9.00, 10.00) |
0.3 |
| Unknown |
2 |
0 |
|
| Birthweight |
3,550 (3,260, 3,830) |
3,430 (3,125, 3,750) |
0.001 |
| Unknown |
1 |
0 |
|
| Birthweight Centile |
48 (26, 73) |
42 (22, 66) |
0.062 |
| Unknown |
1 |
0 |
|
| Small for Gestational Age |
28 (8.3%) |
28 (8.6%) |
0.9 |
| Unknown |
1 |
0 |
|
| LBW |
5 (1.5%) |
16 (4.9%) |
0.012 |
| Unknown |
1 |
0 |
|
| Admitted to Neonatal Unit |
46 (14%) |
51 (16%) |
0.5 |
| Unknown |
1 |
0 |
|
In order: Ferritin < 30µg/L @ 15weeks, 20 weeks, 33 weeks
| Characteristic |
ID, N = 277 |
Non-ID, N = 1,060 |
p-value |
| C-section Delivery |
69 (25%) |
310 (30%) |
0.14 |
| Unknown |
1 |
10 |
|
| Infant_GAw |
40.00 (39.00, 41.00) |
40.00 (39.00, 41.00) |
0.3 |
| Unknown |
1 |
5 |
|
| Preterm |
8 (2.9%) |
55 (5.2%) |
0.11 |
| Unknown |
1 |
5 |
|
| Apgar Score at 1min |
9.00 (8.00, 9.00) |
9.00 (9.00, 9.00) |
0.040 |
| Unknown |
2 |
17 |
|
| Apgar Score at 5min |
10.00 (9.00, 10.00) |
10.00 (9.00, 10.00) |
0.2 |
| Unknown |
2 |
17 |
|
| Birthweight |
3,520 (3,200, 3,793) |
3,470 (3,150, 3,790) |
0.2 |
| Unknown |
1 |
8 |
|
| Birthweight Centile |
47 (26, 70) |
43 (21, 69) |
0.12 |
| Unknown |
1 |
9 |
|
| LBW |
12 (4.3%) |
48 (4.6%) |
0.9 |
| Unknown |
1 |
8 |
|
| Small for Gestational Age |
26 (9.4%) |
103 (9.7%) |
0.9 |
| Unknown |
0 |
1 |
|
| Admitted to Neonatal Unit |
43 (16%) |
154 (15%) |
0.7 |
| Unknown |
1 |
6 |
|
| Characteristic |
ID, N = 568 |
Non-ID, N = 776 |
p-value |
| C-section Delivery |
162 (29%) |
219 (28%) |
>0.9 |
| Unknown |
5 |
7 |
|
| Infant_GAw |
40.00 (39.00, 41.00) |
40.00 (39.00, 41.00) |
0.2 |
| Unknown |
4 |
3 |
|
| Preterm |
19 (3.4%) |
46 (6.0%) |
0.030 |
| Unknown |
4 |
3 |
|
| Apgar Score at 1min |
9.00 (9.00, 9.00) |
9.00 (9.00, 9.00) |
0.4 |
| Unknown |
10 |
10 |
|
| Apgar Score at 5min |
10.00 (9.00, 10.00) |
10.00 (9.00, 10.00) |
0.6 |
| Unknown |
10 |
10 |
|
| Birthweight |
3,520 (3,205, 3,810) |
3,450 (3,130, 3,775) |
0.021 |
| Unknown |
5 |
5 |
|
| Birthweight Centile |
48 (26, 73) |
41 (21, 68) |
0.003 |
| Unknown |
6 |
5 |
|
| Small for Gestational Age |
51 (9.0%) |
81 (10%) |
0.4 |
| Unknown |
2 |
0 |
|
| LBW |
20 (3.6%) |
42 (5.4%) |
0.10 |
| Unknown |
5 |
5 |
|
| Admitted to Neonatal Unit |
86 (15%) |
115 (15%) |
0.8 |
| Unknown |
5 |
3 |
|
| Characteristic |
ID, N = 558 |
Non-ID, N = 109 |
p-value |
| C-section Delivery |
158 (28%) |
32 (29%) |
0.8 |
| Unknown |
1 |
0 |
|
| Infant_GAw |
40.00 (39.00, 41.00) |
40.00 (38.00, 40.00) |
0.039 |
| Unknown |
1 |
0 |
|
| Preterm |
20 (3.6%) |
8 (7.3%) |
0.11 |
| Unknown |
1 |
0 |
|
| Apgar Score at 1min |
9.00 (9.00, 9.00) |
9.00 (9.00, 9.00) |
0.8 |
| Unknown |
2 |
0 |
|
| Apgar Score at 5min |
10.00 (9.00, 10.00) |
9.00 (9.00, 10.00) |
0.3 |
| Unknown |
2 |
0 |
|
| Birthweight |
3,500 (3,200, 3,780) |
3,370 (3,080, 3,800) |
0.064 |
| Unknown |
1 |
0 |
|
| Birthweight Centile |
47 (25, 70) |
40 (19, 69) |
0.3 |
| Unknown |
1 |
0 |
|
| Small for Gestational Age |
47 (8.4%) |
9 (8.3%) |
>0.9 |
| Unknown |
1 |
0 |
|
| LBW |
12 (2.2%) |
9 (8.3%) |
0.003 |
| Unknown |
1 |
0 |
|
| Admitted to Neonatal Unit |
78 (14%) |
19 (17%) |
0.4 |
| Unknown |
1 |
0 |
|
Ferritin < 60µg/L at 15 week
| Characteristic |
ID, N = 747 |
Non-ID, N = 590 |
p-value |
| C-section Delivery |
210 (28%) |
169 (29%) |
0.8 |
| Unknown |
5 |
6 |
|
| Infant_GAw |
40.00 (39.00, 41.00) |
40.00 (39.00, 41.00) |
0.4 |
| Unknown |
3 |
3 |
|
| Preterm |
29 (3.9%) |
34 (5.8%) |
0.11 |
| Unknown |
3 |
3 |
|
| Apgar Score at 1min |
9.00 (9.00, 9.00) |
9.00 (9.00, 9.00) |
0.087 |
| Unknown |
10 |
9 |
|
| Apgar Score at 5min |
10.00 (9.00, 10.00) |
10.00 (9.00, 10.00) |
0.5 |
| Unknown |
10 |
9 |
|
| Birthweight |
3,490 (3,170, 3,760) |
3,480 (3,150, 3,810) |
>0.9 |
| Unknown |
4 |
5 |
|
| Birthweight Centile |
44 (22, 70) |
43 (23, 68) |
0.7 |
| Unknown |
5 |
5 |
|
| Small for Gestational Age |
79 (11%) |
50 (8.5%) |
0.2 |
| Unknown |
0 |
1 |
|
| LBW |
33 (4.4%) |
27 (4.6%) |
0.9 |
| Unknown |
4 |
5 |
|
| Admitted to Neonatal Unit |
114 (15%) |
83 (14%) |
0.5 |
| Unknown |
4 |
3 |
|
Adjusted Tables for Inflammation (Filter out CRP > 10)
In order: Ferritin < 15µg/L @ 15weeks, 20 weeks, 33 weeks
| Characteristic |
ID, N = 62 |
Non-ID, N = 1,200 |
p-value |
| C-section Delivery |
13 (21%) |
344 (29%) |
0.2 |
| Unknown |
1 |
10 |
|
| Infant_GAw |
40.00 (39.00, 41.00) |
40.00 (39.00, 41.00) |
0.3 |
| Unknown |
1 |
5 |
|
| Preterm |
3 (4.9%) |
56 (4.7%) |
0.8 |
| Unknown |
1 |
5 |
|
| Apgar Score at 1min |
9.00 (9.00, 9.00) |
9.00 (9.00, 9.00) |
0.2 |
| Unknown |
1 |
18 |
|
| Apgar Score at 5min |
10.00 (9.00, 10.00) |
10.00 (9.00, 10.00) |
0.8 |
| Unknown |
1 |
18 |
|
| Birthweight |
3,470 (3,250, 3,660) |
3,480 (3,150, 3,800) |
0.9 |
| Unknown |
1 |
8 |
|
| Birthweight Centile |
46 (27, 65) |
44 (22, 70) |
0.8 |
| Unknown |
1 |
9 |
|
| LBW |
6 (9.8%) |
54 (4.5%) |
0.066 |
| Unknown |
1 |
8 |
|
| Small for Gestational Age |
5 (8.1%) |
117 (9.8%) |
0.7 |
| Unknown |
0 |
1 |
|
| Admitted to Neonatal Unit |
10 (16%) |
177 (15%) |
0.7 |
| Unknown |
1 |
6 |
|
| Characteristic |
ID, N = 168 |
Non-ID, N = 1,090 |
p-value |
| C-section Delivery |
42 (25%) |
312 (29%) |
0.3 |
| Unknown |
2 |
8 |
|
| Infant_GAw |
40.00 (39.00, 41.00) |
40.00 (39.00, 41.00) |
0.8 |
| Unknown |
2 |
5 |
|
| Preterm |
7 (4.2%) |
54 (5.0%) |
0.7 |
| Unknown |
2 |
5 |
|
| Apgar Score at 1min |
9.00 (8.00, 9.00) |
9.00 (9.00, 9.00) |
0.063 |
| Unknown |
2 |
15 |
|
| Apgar Score at 5min |
10.00 (9.00, 10.00) |
10.00 (9.00, 10.00) |
0.6 |
| Unknown |
2 |
15 |
|
| Birthweight |
3,535 (3,243, 3,750) |
3,480 (3,150, 3,800) |
0.3 |
| Unknown |
2 |
7 |
|
| Birthweight Centile |
54 (28, 74) |
44 (22, 69) |
0.029 |
| Unknown |
2 |
8 |
|
| Small for Gestational Age |
13 (7.8%) |
107 (9.8%) |
0.4 |
| Unknown |
1 |
1 |
|
| LBW |
8 (4.8%) |
53 (4.9%) |
>0.9 |
| Unknown |
2 |
7 |
|
| Admitted to Neonatal Unit |
24 (14%) |
164 (15%) |
0.8 |
| Unknown |
2 |
5 |
|
| Characteristic |
ID, N = 332 |
Non-ID, N = 306 |
p-value |
| C-section Delivery |
100 (30%) |
80 (26%) |
0.3 |
| Unknown |
1 |
0 |
|
| Infant_GAw |
40.00 (39.00, 41.00) |
40.00 (39.00, 40.00) |
0.012 |
| Unknown |
1 |
0 |
|
| Preterm |
9 (2.7%) |
17 (5.6%) |
0.071 |
| Unknown |
1 |
0 |
|
| Apgar Score at 1min |
9.00 (9.00, 9.00) |
9.00 (9.00, 9.00) |
0.14 |
| Unknown |
2 |
0 |
|
| Apgar Score at 5min |
10.00 (9.00, 10.00) |
10.00 (9.00, 10.00) |
0.2 |
| Unknown |
2 |
0 |
|
| Birthweight |
3,550 (3,260, 3,820) |
3,435 (3,150, 3,750) |
0.003 |
| Unknown |
1 |
0 |
|
| Birthweight Centile |
48 (26, 73) |
42 (21, 66) |
0.060 |
| Unknown |
1 |
0 |
|
| Small for Gestational Age |
26 (7.9%) |
27 (8.8%) |
0.7 |
| Unknown |
1 |
0 |
|
| LBW |
5 (1.5%) |
14 (4.6%) |
0.023 |
| Unknown |
1 |
0 |
|
| Admitted to Neonatal Unit |
45 (14%) |
47 (15%) |
0.5 |
| Unknown |
1 |
0 |
|
In order: Ferritin < 30µg/L @ 15weeks, 20 weeks, 33 weeks
| Characteristic |
ID, N = 269 |
Non-ID, N = 993 |
p-value |
| C-section Delivery |
68 (25%) |
289 (29%) |
0.2 |
| Unknown |
1 |
10 |
|
| Infant_GAw |
40.00 (39.00, 41.00) |
40.00 (39.00, 41.00) |
0.5 |
| Unknown |
1 |
5 |
|
| Preterm |
8 (3.0%) |
51 (5.2%) |
0.14 |
| Unknown |
1 |
5 |
|
| Apgar Score at 1min |
9.00 (8.00, 9.00) |
9.00 (9.00, 9.00) |
0.021 |
| Unknown |
2 |
17 |
|
| Apgar Score at 5min |
10.00 (9.00, 10.00) |
10.00 (9.00, 10.00) |
0.3 |
| Unknown |
2 |
17 |
|
| Birthweight |
3,515 (3,200, 3,790) |
3,470 (3,150, 3,790) |
0.2 |
| Unknown |
1 |
8 |
|
| Birthweight Centile |
47 (26, 70) |
43 (21, 69) |
0.13 |
| Unknown |
1 |
9 |
|
| LBW |
12 (4.5%) |
48 (4.9%) |
0.8 |
| Unknown |
1 |
8 |
|
| Small for Gestational Age |
24 (8.9%) |
98 (9.9%) |
0.6 |
| Unknown |
0 |
1 |
|
| Admitted to Neonatal Unit |
43 (16%) |
144 (15%) |
0.6 |
| Unknown |
1 |
6 |
|
| Characteristic |
ID, N = 542 |
Non-ID, N = 716 |
p-value |
| C-section Delivery |
153 (28%) |
201 (28%) |
>0.9 |
| Unknown |
4 |
6 |
|
| Infant_GAw |
40.00 (39.00, 41.00) |
40.00 (39.00, 41.00) |
0.3 |
| Unknown |
4 |
3 |
|
| Preterm |
19 (3.5%) |
42 (5.9%) |
0.055 |
| Unknown |
4 |
3 |
|
| Apgar Score at 1min |
9.00 (9.00, 9.00) |
9.00 (9.00, 9.00) |
0.2 |
| Unknown |
8 |
9 |
|
| Apgar Score at 5min |
10.00 (9.00, 10.00) |
10.00 (9.00, 10.00) |
0.5 |
| Unknown |
8 |
9 |
|
| Birthweight |
3,520 (3,213, 3,810) |
3,460 (3,140, 3,775) |
0.037 |
| Unknown |
4 |
5 |
|
| Birthweight Centile |
48 (26, 73) |
42 (21, 68) |
0.003 |
| Unknown |
5 |
5 |
|
| Small for Gestational Age |
46 (8.5%) |
74 (10%) |
0.3 |
| Unknown |
2 |
0 |
|
| LBW |
20 (3.7%) |
41 (5.8%) |
0.10 |
| Unknown |
4 |
5 |
|
| Admitted to Neonatal Unit |
83 (15%) |
105 (15%) |
0.7 |
| Unknown |
4 |
3 |
|
| Characteristic |
ID, N = 537 |
Non-ID, N = 101 |
p-value |
| C-section Delivery |
150 (28%) |
30 (30%) |
0.7 |
| Unknown |
1 |
0 |
|
| Infant_GAw |
40.00 (39.00, 41.00) |
40.00 (38.00, 40.00) |
0.025 |
| Unknown |
1 |
0 |
|
| Preterm |
19 (3.5%) |
7 (6.9%) |
0.2 |
| Unknown |
1 |
0 |
|
| Apgar Score at 1min |
9.00 (9.00, 9.00) |
9.00 (9.00, 9.00) |
0.7 |
| Unknown |
2 |
0 |
|
| Apgar Score at 5min |
10.00 (9.00, 10.00) |
9.00 (9.00, 10.00) |
0.3 |
| Unknown |
2 |
0 |
|
| Birthweight |
3,505 (3,208, 3,783) |
3,370 (3,130, 3,800) |
0.10 |
| Unknown |
1 |
0 |
|
| Birthweight Centile |
47 (25, 71) |
40 (19, 69) |
0.3 |
| Unknown |
1 |
0 |
|
| Small for Gestational Age |
45 (8.4%) |
8 (7.9%) |
0.9 |
| Unknown |
1 |
0 |
|
| LBW |
12 (2.2%) |
7 (6.9%) |
0.020 |
| Unknown |
1 |
0 |
|
| Admitted to Neonatal Unit |
75 (14%) |
17 (17%) |
0.5 |
| Unknown |
1 |
0 |
|
Ferritin < 60µg/L at 15 week
| Characteristic |
ID, N = 718 |
Non-ID, N = 544 |
p-value |
| C-section Delivery |
198 (28%) |
159 (30%) |
0.5 |
| Unknown |
5 |
6 |
|
| Infant_GAw |
40.00 (39.00, 41.00) |
40.00 (39.00, 41.00) |
0.6 |
| Unknown |
3 |
3 |
|
| Preterm |
29 (4.1%) |
30 (5.5%) |
0.2 |
| Unknown |
3 |
3 |
|
| Apgar Score at 1min |
9.00 (9.00, 9.00) |
9.00 (9.00, 9.00) |
0.054 |
| Unknown |
10 |
9 |
|
| Apgar Score at 5min |
10.00 (9.00, 10.00) |
10.00 (9.00, 10.00) |
0.6 |
| Unknown |
10 |
9 |
|
| Birthweight |
3,485 (3,170, 3,760) |
3,470 (3,150, 3,810) |
>0.9 |
| Unknown |
4 |
5 |
|
| Birthweight Centile |
45 (22, 70) |
44 (22, 68) |
0.5 |
| Unknown |
5 |
5 |
|
| Small for Gestational Age |
74 (10%) |
48 (8.8%) |
0.4 |
| Unknown |
0 |
1 |
|
| LBW |
33 (4.6%) |
27 (5.0%) |
0.8 |
| Unknown |
4 |
5 |
|
| Admitted to Neonatal Unit |
110 (15%) |
77 (14%) |
0.6 |
| Unknown |
4 |
3 |
|
Adjusted Tables for Inflammation (Filter out CRP > 10) & Iron Overload (Ferritin > 150)
In order: Ferritin < 15µg/L @ 15weeks, 20 weeks, 33 weeks
| Characteristic |
ID, N = 62 |
Non-ID, N = 1,160 |
p-value |
| C-section Delivery |
13 (21%) |
330 (29%) |
0.2 |
| Unknown |
1 |
10 |
|
| Infant_GAw |
40.00 (39.00, 41.00) |
40.00 (39.00, 41.00) |
0.3 |
| Unknown |
1 |
5 |
|
| Preterm |
3 (4.9%) |
54 (4.7%) |
0.8 |
| Unknown |
1 |
5 |
|
| Apgar Score at 1min |
9.00 (9.00, 9.00) |
9.00 (9.00, 9.00) |
0.2 |
| Unknown |
1 |
18 |
|
| Apgar Score at 5min |
10.00 (9.00, 10.00) |
10.00 (9.00, 10.00) |
0.7 |
| Unknown |
1 |
18 |
|
| Birthweight |
3,470 (3,250, 3,660) |
3,480 (3,160, 3,800) |
0.8 |
| Unknown |
1 |
8 |
|
| Birthweight Centile |
46 (27, 65) |
45 (22, 70) |
>0.9 |
| Unknown |
1 |
9 |
|
| LBW |
6 (9.8%) |
50 (4.3%) |
0.057 |
| Unknown |
1 |
8 |
|
| Small for Gestational Age |
5 (8.1%) |
110 (9.5%) |
0.7 |
| Unknown |
0 |
1 |
|
| Admitted to Neonatal Unit |
10 (16%) |
170 (15%) |
0.7 |
| Unknown |
1 |
6 |
|
| Characteristic |
ID, N = 168 |
Non-ID, N = 1,077 |
p-value |
| C-section Delivery |
42 (25%) |
307 (29%) |
0.4 |
| Unknown |
2 |
8 |
|
| Infant_GAw |
40.00 (39.00, 41.00) |
40.00 (39.00, 41.00) |
0.8 |
| Unknown |
2 |
5 |
|
| Preterm |
7 (4.2%) |
53 (4.9%) |
0.7 |
| Unknown |
2 |
5 |
|
| Apgar Score at 1min |
9.00 (8.00, 9.00) |
9.00 (9.00, 9.00) |
0.060 |
| Unknown |
2 |
15 |
|
| Apgar Score at 5min |
10.00 (9.00, 10.00) |
10.00 (9.00, 10.00) |
0.7 |
| Unknown |
2 |
15 |
|
| Birthweight |
3,535 (3,243, 3,750) |
3,480 (3,150, 3,800) |
0.3 |
| Unknown |
2 |
7 |
|
| Birthweight Centile |
54 (28, 74) |
44 (22, 69) |
0.032 |
| Unknown |
2 |
8 |
|
| Small for Gestational Age |
13 (7.8%) |
106 (9.9%) |
0.4 |
| Unknown |
1 |
1 |
|
| LBW |
8 (4.8%) |
52 (4.9%) |
>0.9 |
| Unknown |
2 |
7 |
|
| Admitted to Neonatal Unit |
24 (14%) |
162 (15%) |
0.8 |
| Unknown |
2 |
5 |
|
| Characteristic |
ID, N = 332 |
Non-ID, N = 304 |
p-value |
| C-section Delivery |
100 (30%) |
79 (26%) |
0.2 |
| Unknown |
1 |
0 |
|
| Infant_GAw |
40.00 (39.00, 41.00) |
40.00 (39.00, 40.00) |
0.011 |
| Unknown |
1 |
0 |
|
| Preterm |
9 (2.7%) |
17 (5.6%) |
0.068 |
| Unknown |
1 |
0 |
|
| Apgar Score at 1min |
9.00 (9.00, 9.00) |
9.00 (9.00, 9.00) |
0.15 |
| Unknown |
2 |
0 |
|
| Apgar Score at 5min |
10.00 (9.00, 10.00) |
10.00 (9.00, 10.00) |
0.2 |
| Unknown |
2 |
0 |
|
| Birthweight |
3,550 (3,260, 3,820) |
3,435 (3,150, 3,750) |
0.004 |
| Unknown |
1 |
0 |
|
| Birthweight Centile |
48 (26, 73) |
43 (22, 66) |
0.071 |
| Unknown |
1 |
0 |
|
| Small for Gestational Age |
26 (7.9%) |
26 (8.6%) |
0.7 |
| Unknown |
1 |
0 |
|
| LBW |
5 (1.5%) |
14 (4.6%) |
0.022 |
| Unknown |
1 |
0 |
|
| Admitted to Neonatal Unit |
45 (14%) |
47 (15%) |
0.5 |
| Unknown |
1 |
0 |
|
In order: Ferritin < 30µg/L @ 15weeks, 20 weeks, 33 weeks
| Characteristic |
ID, N = 269 |
Non-ID, N = 953 |
p-value |
| C-section Delivery |
68 (25%) |
275 (29%) |
0.2 |
| Unknown |
1 |
10 |
|
| Infant_GAw |
40.00 (39.00, 41.00) |
40.00 (39.00, 41.00) |
0.5 |
| Unknown |
1 |
5 |
|
| Preterm |
8 (3.0%) |
49 (5.2%) |
0.14 |
| Unknown |
1 |
5 |
|
| Apgar Score at 1min |
9.00 (8.00, 9.00) |
9.00 (9.00, 9.00) |
0.020 |
| Unknown |
2 |
17 |
|
| Apgar Score at 5min |
10.00 (9.00, 10.00) |
10.00 (9.00, 10.00) |
0.3 |
| Unknown |
2 |
17 |
|
| Birthweight |
3,515 (3,200, 3,790) |
3,470 (3,150, 3,800) |
0.3 |
| Unknown |
1 |
8 |
|
| Birthweight Centile |
47 (26, 70) |
44 (21, 70) |
0.2 |
| Unknown |
1 |
9 |
|
| LBW |
12 (4.5%) |
44 (4.7%) |
>0.9 |
| Unknown |
1 |
8 |
|
| Small for Gestational Age |
24 (8.9%) |
91 (9.6%) |
0.8 |
| Unknown |
0 |
1 |
|
| Admitted to Neonatal Unit |
43 (16%) |
137 (14%) |
0.5 |
| Unknown |
1 |
6 |
|
| Characteristic |
ID, N = 542 |
Non-ID, N = 703 |
p-value |
| C-section Delivery |
153 (28%) |
196 (28%) |
>0.9 |
| Unknown |
4 |
6 |
|
| Infant_GAw |
40.00 (39.00, 41.00) |
40.00 (39.00, 41.00) |
0.3 |
| Unknown |
4 |
3 |
|
| Preterm |
19 (3.5%) |
41 (5.9%) |
0.059 |
| Unknown |
4 |
3 |
|
| Apgar Score at 1min |
9.00 (9.00, 9.00) |
9.00 (9.00, 9.00) |
0.2 |
| Unknown |
8 |
9 |
|
| Apgar Score at 5min |
10.00 (9.00, 10.00) |
10.00 (9.00, 10.00) |
0.5 |
| Unknown |
8 |
9 |
|
| Birthweight |
3,520 (3,213, 3,810) |
3,455 (3,140, 3,778) |
0.035 |
| Unknown |
4 |
5 |
|
| Birthweight Centile |
48 (26, 73) |
42 (21, 68) |
0.004 |
| Unknown |
5 |
5 |
|
| Small for Gestational Age |
46 (8.5%) |
73 (10%) |
0.3 |
| Unknown |
2 |
0 |
|
| LBW |
20 (3.7%) |
40 (5.7%) |
0.10 |
| Unknown |
4 |
5 |
|
| Admitted to Neonatal Unit |
83 (15%) |
103 (15%) |
0.7 |
| Unknown |
4 |
3 |
|
| Characteristic |
ID, N = 537 |
Non-ID, N = 99 |
p-value |
| C-section Delivery |
150 (28%) |
29 (29%) |
0.8 |
| Unknown |
1 |
0 |
|
| Infant_GAw |
40.00 (39.00, 41.00) |
40.00 (38.00, 40.00) |
0.021 |
| Unknown |
1 |
0 |
|
| Preterm |
19 (3.5%) |
7 (7.1%) |
0.2 |
| Unknown |
1 |
0 |
|
| Apgar Score at 1min |
9.00 (9.00, 9.00) |
9.00 (9.00, 9.00) |
0.7 |
| Unknown |
2 |
0 |
|
| Apgar Score at 5min |
10.00 (9.00, 10.00) |
9.00 (9.00, 10.00) |
0.3 |
| Unknown |
2 |
0 |
|
| Birthweight |
3,505 (3,208, 3,783) |
3,370 (3,140, 3,800) |
0.11 |
| Unknown |
1 |
0 |
|
| Birthweight Centile |
47 (25, 71) |
40 (19, 69) |
0.4 |
| Unknown |
1 |
0 |
|
| Small for Gestational Age |
45 (8.4%) |
7 (7.1%) |
0.7 |
| Unknown |
1 |
0 |
|
| LBW |
12 (2.2%) |
7 (7.1%) |
0.018 |
| Unknown |
1 |
0 |
|
| Admitted to Neonatal Unit |
75 (14%) |
17 (17%) |
0.4 |
| Unknown |
1 |
0 |
|
Ferritin < 60µg/L at 15 week
| Characteristic |
ID, N = 718 |
Non-ID, N = 504 |
p-value |
| C-section Delivery |
198 (28%) |
145 (29%) |
0.6 |
| Unknown |
5 |
6 |
|
| Infant_GAw |
40.00 (39.00, 41.00) |
40.00 (39.00, 41.00) |
0.6 |
| Unknown |
3 |
3 |
|
| Preterm |
29 (4.1%) |
28 (5.6%) |
0.2 |
| Unknown |
3 |
3 |
|
| Apgar Score at 1min |
9.00 (9.00, 9.00) |
9.00 (9.00, 9.00) |
0.046 |
| Unknown |
10 |
9 |
|
| Apgar Score at 5min |
10.00 (9.00, 10.00) |
10.00 (9.00, 10.00) |
0.8 |
| Unknown |
10 |
9 |
|
| Birthweight |
3,485 (3,170, 3,760) |
3,480 (3,160, 3,825) |
0.8 |
| Unknown |
4 |
5 |
|
| Birthweight Centile |
45 (22, 70) |
45 (23, 69) |
>0.9 |
| Unknown |
5 |
5 |
|
| Small for Gestational Age |
74 (10%) |
41 (8.2%) |
0.2 |
| Unknown |
0 |
1 |
|
| LBW |
33 (4.6%) |
23 (4.6%) |
>0.9 |
| Unknown |
4 |
5 |
|
| Admitted to Neonatal Unit |
110 (15%) |
70 (14%) |
0.5 |
| Unknown |
4 |
3 |
|
Adjusted Tables for Inflammation (Filter out CRP > 10) & Iron Overload (Ferritin > 200)
In order: Ferritin < 15µg/L @ 15weeks, 20 weeks, 33 weeks
| Characteristic |
ID, N = 62 |
Non-ID, N = 1,189 |
p-value |
| C-section Delivery |
13 (21%) |
339 (29%) |
0.2 |
| Unknown |
1 |
10 |
|
| Infant_GAw |
40.00 (39.00, 41.00) |
40.00 (39.00, 41.00) |
0.3 |
| Unknown |
1 |
5 |
|
| Preterm |
3 (4.9%) |
55 (4.6%) |
0.8 |
| Unknown |
1 |
5 |
|
| Apgar Score at 1min |
9.00 (9.00, 9.00) |
9.00 (9.00, 9.00) |
0.2 |
| Unknown |
1 |
18 |
|
| Apgar Score at 5min |
10.00 (9.00, 10.00) |
10.00 (9.00, 10.00) |
0.8 |
| Unknown |
1 |
18 |
|
| Birthweight |
3,470 (3,250, 3,660) |
3,480 (3,160, 3,800) |
0.9 |
| Unknown |
1 |
8 |
|
| Birthweight Centile |
46 (27, 65) |
44 (22, 70) |
0.8 |
| Unknown |
1 |
9 |
|
| LBW |
6 (9.8%) |
53 (4.5%) |
0.064 |
| Unknown |
1 |
8 |
|
| Small for Gestational Age |
5 (8.1%) |
115 (9.7%) |
0.7 |
| Unknown |
0 |
1 |
|
| Admitted to Neonatal Unit |
10 (16%) |
175 (15%) |
0.7 |
| Unknown |
1 |
6 |
|
| Characteristic |
ID, N = 168 |
Non-ID, N = 1,083 |
p-value |
| C-section Delivery |
42 (25%) |
309 (29%) |
0.4 |
| Unknown |
2 |
8 |
|
| Infant_GAw |
40.00 (39.00, 41.00) |
40.00 (39.00, 41.00) |
0.8 |
| Unknown |
2 |
5 |
|
| Preterm |
7 (4.2%) |
53 (4.9%) |
0.7 |
| Unknown |
2 |
5 |
|
| Apgar Score at 1min |
9.00 (8.00, 9.00) |
9.00 (9.00, 9.00) |
0.064 |
| Unknown |
2 |
15 |
|
| Apgar Score at 5min |
10.00 (9.00, 10.00) |
10.00 (9.00, 10.00) |
0.6 |
| Unknown |
2 |
15 |
|
| Birthweight |
3,535 (3,243, 3,750) |
3,475 (3,150, 3,800) |
0.3 |
| Unknown |
2 |
7 |
|
| Birthweight Centile |
54 (28, 74) |
44 (22, 69) |
0.030 |
| Unknown |
2 |
8 |
|
| Small for Gestational Age |
13 (7.8%) |
106 (9.8%) |
0.4 |
| Unknown |
1 |
1 |
|
| LBW |
8 (4.8%) |
52 (4.8%) |
>0.9 |
| Unknown |
2 |
7 |
|
| Admitted to Neonatal Unit |
24 (14%) |
162 (15%) |
0.8 |
| Unknown |
2 |
5 |
|
| Characteristic |
ID, N = 332 |
Non-ID, N = 306 |
p-value |
| C-section Delivery |
100 (30%) |
80 (26%) |
0.3 |
| Unknown |
1 |
0 |
|
| Infant_GAw |
40.00 (39.00, 41.00) |
40.00 (39.00, 40.00) |
0.012 |
| Unknown |
1 |
0 |
|
| Preterm |
9 (2.7%) |
17 (5.6%) |
0.071 |
| Unknown |
1 |
0 |
|
| Apgar Score at 1min |
9.00 (9.00, 9.00) |
9.00 (9.00, 9.00) |
0.14 |
| Unknown |
2 |
0 |
|
| Apgar Score at 5min |
10.00 (9.00, 10.00) |
10.00 (9.00, 10.00) |
0.2 |
| Unknown |
2 |
0 |
|
| Birthweight |
3,550 (3,260, 3,820) |
3,435 (3,150, 3,750) |
0.003 |
| Unknown |
1 |
0 |
|
| Birthweight Centile |
48 (26, 73) |
42 (21, 66) |
0.060 |
| Unknown |
1 |
0 |
|
| Small for Gestational Age |
26 (7.9%) |
27 (8.8%) |
0.7 |
| Unknown |
1 |
0 |
|
| LBW |
5 (1.5%) |
14 (4.6%) |
0.023 |
| Unknown |
1 |
0 |
|
| Admitted to Neonatal Unit |
45 (14%) |
47 (15%) |
0.5 |
| Unknown |
1 |
0 |
|
In order: Ferritin < 30µg/L @ 15weeks, 20 weeks, 33 weeks
| Characteristic |
ID, N = 269 |
Non-ID, N = 982 |
p-value |
| C-section Delivery |
68 (25%) |
284 (29%) |
0.2 |
| Unknown |
1 |
10 |
|
| Infant_GAw |
40.00 (39.00, 41.00) |
40.00 (39.00, 41.00) |
0.5 |
| Unknown |
1 |
5 |
|
| Preterm |
8 (3.0%) |
50 (5.1%) |
0.14 |
| Unknown |
1 |
5 |
|
| Apgar Score at 1min |
9.00 (8.00, 9.00) |
9.00 (9.00, 9.00) |
0.021 |
| Unknown |
2 |
17 |
|
| Apgar Score at 5min |
10.00 (9.00, 10.00) |
10.00 (9.00, 10.00) |
0.3 |
| Unknown |
2 |
17 |
|
| Birthweight |
3,515 (3,200, 3,790) |
3,470 (3,150, 3,798) |
0.2 |
| Unknown |
1 |
8 |
|
| Birthweight Centile |
47 (26, 70) |
43 (21, 70) |
0.14 |
| Unknown |
1 |
9 |
|
| LBW |
12 (4.5%) |
47 (4.8%) |
0.8 |
| Unknown |
1 |
8 |
|
| Small for Gestational Age |
24 (8.9%) |
96 (9.8%) |
0.7 |
| Unknown |
0 |
1 |
|
| Admitted to Neonatal Unit |
43 (16%) |
142 (15%) |
0.5 |
| Unknown |
1 |
6 |
|
| Characteristic |
ID, N = 542 |
Non-ID, N = 709 |
p-value |
| C-section Delivery |
153 (28%) |
198 (28%) |
>0.9 |
| Unknown |
4 |
6 |
|
| Infant_GAw |
40.00 (39.00, 41.00) |
40.00 (39.00, 41.00) |
0.3 |
| Unknown |
4 |
3 |
|
| Preterm |
19 (3.5%) |
41 (5.8%) |
0.063 |
| Unknown |
4 |
3 |
|
| Apgar Score at 1min |
9.00 (9.00, 9.00) |
9.00 (9.00, 9.00) |
0.3 |
| Unknown |
8 |
9 |
|
| Apgar Score at 5min |
10.00 (9.00, 10.00) |
10.00 (9.00, 10.00) |
0.4 |
| Unknown |
8 |
9 |
|
| Birthweight |
3,520 (3,213, 3,810) |
3,450 (3,140, 3,773) |
0.035 |
| Unknown |
4 |
5 |
|
| Birthweight Centile |
48 (26, 73) |
42 (21, 68) |
0.003 |
| Unknown |
5 |
5 |
|
| Small for Gestational Age |
46 (8.5%) |
73 (10%) |
0.3 |
| Unknown |
2 |
0 |
|
| LBW |
20 (3.7%) |
40 (5.7%) |
0.11 |
| Unknown |
4 |
5 |
|
| Admitted to Neonatal Unit |
83 (15%) |
103 (15%) |
0.7 |
| Unknown |
4 |
3 |
|
| Characteristic |
ID, N = 537 |
Non-ID, N = 101 |
p-value |
| C-section Delivery |
150 (28%) |
30 (30%) |
0.7 |
| Unknown |
1 |
0 |
|
| Infant_GAw |
40.00 (39.00, 41.00) |
40.00 (38.00, 40.00) |
0.025 |
| Unknown |
1 |
0 |
|
| Preterm |
19 (3.5%) |
7 (6.9%) |
0.2 |
| Unknown |
1 |
0 |
|
| Apgar Score at 1min |
9.00 (9.00, 9.00) |
9.00 (9.00, 9.00) |
0.7 |
| Unknown |
2 |
0 |
|
| Apgar Score at 5min |
10.00 (9.00, 10.00) |
9.00 (9.00, 10.00) |
0.3 |
| Unknown |
2 |
0 |
|
| Birthweight |
3,505 (3,208, 3,783) |
3,370 (3,130, 3,800) |
0.10 |
| Unknown |
1 |
0 |
|
| Birthweight Centile |
47 (25, 71) |
40 (19, 69) |
0.3 |
| Unknown |
1 |
0 |
|
| Small for Gestational Age |
45 (8.4%) |
8 (7.9%) |
0.9 |
| Unknown |
1 |
0 |
|
| LBW |
12 (2.2%) |
7 (6.9%) |
0.020 |
| Unknown |
1 |
0 |
|
| Admitted to Neonatal Unit |
75 (14%) |
17 (17%) |
0.5 |
| Unknown |
1 |
0 |
|
Ferritin < 60µg/L at 15 week
| Characteristic |
ID, N = 718 |
Non-ID, N = 533 |
p-value |
| C-section Delivery |
198 (28%) |
154 (29%) |
0.6 |
| Unknown |
5 |
6 |
|
| Infant_GAw |
40.00 (39.00, 41.00) |
40.00 (39.00, 41.00) |
0.6 |
| Unknown |
3 |
3 |
|
| Preterm |
29 (4.1%) |
29 (5.5%) |
0.2 |
| Unknown |
3 |
3 |
|
| Apgar Score at 1min |
9.00 (9.00, 9.00) |
9.00 (9.00, 9.00) |
0.052 |
| Unknown |
10 |
9 |
|
| Apgar Score at 5min |
10.00 (9.00, 10.00) |
10.00 (9.00, 10.00) |
0.7 |
| Unknown |
10 |
9 |
|
| Birthweight |
3,485 (3,170, 3,760) |
3,465 (3,150, 3,813) |
>0.9 |
| Unknown |
4 |
5 |
|
| Birthweight Centile |
45 (22, 70) |
44 (22, 69) |
0.6 |
| Unknown |
5 |
5 |
|
| Small for Gestational Age |
74 (10%) |
46 (8.6%) |
0.3 |
| Unknown |
0 |
1 |
|
| LBW |
33 (4.6%) |
26 (4.9%) |
0.8 |
| Unknown |
4 |
5 |
|
| Admitted to Neonatal Unit |
110 (15%) |
75 (14%) |
0.5 |
| Unknown |
4 |
3 |
|
Correlation Plots for Birth Outcomes
Correlation Table for Maternal/Cord biomarkers
| Maternal Biomarker |
Cord Ferritin |
Cord sTFR |
Cord TBI |
Visit |
| Ferritin |
0.07 |
0.02 |
0.04 |
15w |
| sTFR |
-0.03 |
0.06 |
-0.05 |
15w |
| TBI |
0.07 |
0.01 |
0.05 |
15w |
| Ferritin |
0.04 |
0 |
0.03 |
20w |
| sTFR |
-0.01 |
0.03 |
-0.01 |
20w |
| TBI |
0.04 |
0 |
0.03 |
20w |
| Ferritin |
0.12 |
-0.09 |
0.13 |
33w |
| sTFR |
-0.02 |
0.08 |
-0.05 |
33w |
| TBI |
0.1 |
-0.09 |
0.11 |
33w |
Notes on Outcomes tables (how many people filtered out from CRP/iron overload)
Number of people filtered out at each step for each visit:
15w: 1327 total with iron observation. 75 taken out with CRP ≥ 10. Further 11 taken out with ≥ 200. Further 29 taken out with >150 (total of 40 greater than 150)
20w: 1334 total with iron. 86 taken out with CRP ≥ 10. Further 7 taken out with Ferritin ≥ 200. Further 6 taken out with > 150 (Total of 13 greater than 150)
33w: 667 total with iron. 29 taken out with CRP ≥ 10. 0 with Ferritin ≥ 200. 2 taken out with ferritin ≥ 150
Logistic Regression models
Paper shared with team: univariate analysis and then multivariate analysis adjusting for maternal age, gestational age at blood test, body weight, parity, smoking during pregnancy, private versus public health care, low socioeconomic status and log C-reactive protein levels.
First we present univariate analyses with the respective total samples
| Characteristic |
log(OR) |
95% CI |
p-value |
| Ferritin_less15_14_16w |
|
|
|
| ID |
— |
— |
|
| Non-ID |
-0.88 |
-1.7, 0.11 |
0.052 |
| Characteristic |
log(OR) |
95% CI |
p-value |
| Ferritin_less30_14_16w |
|
|
|
| ID |
— |
— |
|
| Non-ID |
0.05 |
-0.56, 0.74 |
0.9 |
| Characteristic |
log(OR) |
95% CI |
p-value |
| Ferritin_less15_19_21w |
|
|
|
| ID |
— |
— |
|
| Non-ID |
0.03 |
-0.67, 0.87 |
>0.9 |
| Characteristic |
log(OR) |
95% CI |
p-value |
| Ferritin_less30_19_21w |
|
|
|
| ID |
— |
— |
|
| Non-ID |
0.45 |
-0.08, 1.0 |
0.11 |
| Characteristic |
log(OR) |
95% CI |
p-value |
| Ferritin_less15_32_34w |
|
|
|
| ID |
— |
— |
|
| Non-ID |
1.2 |
0.28, 2.4 |
0.017 |
| Characteristic |
log(OR) |
95% CI |
p-value |
| Ferritin_less30_32_34w |
|
|
|
| ID |
— |
— |
|
| Non-ID |
1.4 |
0.49, 2.3 |
0.002 |
Marginally significant association at the 15w visit for mothers < 15 (p = .052). Mothers with higher iron have lower rates of LBW
Significant associations at the 33w visit for both ID thresholds. Mothers with ID have lower rates of LBW.
Now, we present univariate analyses with the reduced sample (remove CRP > 10 and Ferritin > 150)
| Characteristic |
log(OR) |
95% CI |
p-value |
| Ferritin_less15_14_16w |
|
|
|
| ID |
— |
— |
|
| Non-ID |
-0.88 |
-1.7, 0.11 |
0.053 |
| Characteristic |
log(OR) |
95% CI |
p-value |
| Ferritin_less30_14_16w |
|
|
|
| ID |
— |
— |
|
| Non-ID |
0.04 |
-0.58, 0.74 |
>0.9 |
| Characteristic |
log(OR) |
95% CI |
p-value |
| Ferritin_less15_19_21w |
|
|
|
| ID |
— |
— |
|
| Non-ID |
0.01 |
-0.70, 0.85 |
>0.9 |
| Characteristic |
log(OR) |
95% CI |
p-value |
| Ferritin_less30_19_21w |
|
|
|
| ID |
— |
— |
|
| Non-ID |
0.45 |
-0.08, 1.0 |
0.11 |
| Characteristic |
log(OR) |
95% CI |
p-value |
| Ferritin_less15_32_34w |
|
|
|
| ID |
— |
— |
|
| Non-ID |
1.1 |
0.17, 2.3 |
0.030 |
| Characteristic |
log(OR) |
95% CI |
p-value |
| Ferritin_less30_32_34w |
|
|
|
| ID |
— |
— |
|
| Non-ID |
1.2 |
0.19, 2.1 |
0.014 |
Again, Marginally significant association at the 15w visit for mothers < 15 (p = .052). Mothers with higher iron have lower rates of LBW
Significant associations remained at the 33w visit for both ID thresholds. Mothers with ID have lower rates of LBW
Univariate relationships with covariates
Ethnicity - Caucasian Y or N
Country of birth - Ireland Y or N
Relationship status - stable/married Y or N
Household income - <€21,000 per annum Y or N
Education - university level Y or N
Maternal age at delivery (years)
Smoker at 15 weeks gestation – Y or N
Alcohol consumer at 15 weeks gestation – Y or N
Obese (BMI>30 kg/m2) at 15 weeks gestation – Y or N
Iron supplement user pre- or early pregnancy – Y or N
Mode of delivery - C-section Y or N
Gestational diabetes – Y or N
Gestational hypertension – Y or N
Pre-eclampsia – Y or N
Gravidity
Maternity care – public or private (variable: Maternity_care)
Infant gender
Gestational age (weeks)
Small-for-gestational age – Y or N (not sure about this one but can see what it looks like in univariate)
| Characteristic |
log(OR) |
95% CI |
p-value |
| Ethnicity_White |
0.56 |
-1.0, 3.4 |
0.6 |
| Characteristic |
log(OR) |
95% CI |
p-value |
| CountryofBirth_Ireland |
0.54 |
-0.12, 1.3 |
0.14 |
| Characteristic |
log(OR) |
95% CI |
p-value |
| Relationship_Stable |
-0.07 |
-0.91, 1.0 |
0.9 |
| Characteristic |
log(OR) |
95% CI |
p-value |
| IncomeHousehold_less21k |
-0.19 |
-1.3, 0.65 |
0.7 |
| Characteristic |
log(OR) |
95% CI |
p-value |
| University_education |
-0.09 |
-0.59, 0.45 |
0.7 |
| Characteristic |
log(OR) |
95% CI |
p-value |
| Maternal_Age_Delivery |
-0.01 |
-0.06, 0.05 |
0.8 |
| Characteristic |
log(OR) |
95% CI |
p-value |
| Smoker_1st_trim |
0.50 |
-0.03, 1.0 |
0.054 |
| Characteristic |
log(OR) |
95% CI |
p-value |
| Alcohol_1sttrim |
-0.29 |
-0.78, 0.21 |
0.2 |
| Characteristic |
log(OR) |
95% CI |
p-value |
| Maternal_Obesity_14_16w |
0.44 |
-0.25, 1.0 |
0.2 |
| Characteristic |
log(OR) |
95% CI |
p-value |
| IronSupp_PreEarlyPreg |
-0.11 |
-0.63, 0.45 |
0.7 |
| Characteristic |
log(OR) |
95% CI |
p-value |
| C-section Delivery |
|
|
|
| No |
— |
— |
|
| Yes |
0.18 |
-0.35, 0.68 |
0.5 |
| Characteristic |
log(OR) |
95% CI |
p-value |
| GestationalDiabetes |
0.21 |
-0.05, 0.49 |
0.12 |
| Characteristic |
log(OR) |
95% CI |
p-value |
| Gestationalhypertension |
0.37 |
-0.47, 1.1 |
0.3 |
| Characteristic |
log(OR) |
95% CI |
p-value |
| Preeclampsia |
2.0 |
1.4, 2.7 |
<0.001 |
| Characteristic |
log(OR) |
95% CI |
p-value |
| Gravidity |
-0.70 |
-1.6, -0.03 |
0.069 |
| Characteristic |
log(OR) |
95% CI |
p-value |
| Maternity_care |
-0.87 |
-3.7, 0.68 |
0.4 |
| Characteristic |
log(OR) |
95% CI |
p-value |
| Sex |
-0.06 |
-0.55, 0.42 |
0.8 |
| Characteristic |
log(OR) |
95% CI |
p-value |
| Infant_GAw |
-1.1 |
-1.3, -0.94 |
<0.001 |
| Characteristic |
log(OR) |
95% CI |
p-value |
| Small for Gestational Age |
|
|
|
| No |
— |
— |
|
| Yes |
3.2 |
2.7, 3.7 |
<0.001 |
Multivariate Models
From the univariate analyses, we can see that smoking, Gest diabetes, pre-eclampsia, gravidity, Gestational Age, and SGA all were below (or right above) p = 0.10.
So, the final covariates we will include are: Gest diabetes, pre-eclampsia, gravidity, BOTH Gestational Age and SGA, and Iron Supplement status in early pregnancy.
We present each of the iron deficiency threshold models for each time point, both for the full sample and the sample with Ferritin < 150 and CRP < 10 concurrently.
Full sample models
| Characteristic |
log(OR) |
95% CI |
p-value |
| Ferritin_less15_14_16w |
|
|
|
| ID |
— |
— |
|
| Non-ID |
-0.94 |
-3.4, 1.3 |
0.4 |
| Smoker_1st_trim |
0.53 |
-0.70, 1.7 |
0.4 |
| GestationalDiabetes |
0.42 |
-0.14, 1.0 |
0.2 |
| Preeclampsia |
-0.34 |
-2.3, 1.4 |
0.7 |
| Gravidity |
-2.1 |
-3.9, -0.51 |
0.016 |
| Infant_GAw |
-1.9 |
-2.5, -1.4 |
<0.001 |
| Small for Gestational Age |
|
|
|
| No |
— |
— |
|
| Yes |
6.5 |
4.8, 8.8 |
<0.001 |
| IronSupp_PreEarlyPreg |
0.83 |
-0.47, 2.3 |
0.2 |
| Characteristic |
log(OR) |
95% CI |
p-value |
| Ferritin_less30_14_16w |
|
|
|
| ID |
— |
— |
|
| Non-ID |
-0.95 |
-2.3, 0.39 |
0.2 |
| Smoker_1st_trim |
0.53 |
-0.71, 1.8 |
0.4 |
| GestationalDiabetes |
0.39 |
-0.17, 0.99 |
0.2 |
| Preeclampsia |
-0.36 |
-2.3, 1.4 |
0.7 |
| Gravidity |
-2.0 |
-3.8, -0.45 |
0.019 |
| Infant_GAw |
-1.9 |
-2.5, -1.5 |
<0.001 |
| Small for Gestational Age |
|
|
|
| No |
— |
— |
|
| Yes |
6.7 |
4.9, 9.1 |
<0.001 |
| IronSupp_PreEarlyPreg |
0.87 |
-0.43, 2.3 |
0.2 |
| Characteristic |
log(OR) |
95% CI |
p-value |
| Ferritin_less15_19_21w |
|
|
|
| ID |
— |
— |
|
| Non-ID |
-0.09 |
-1.7, 1.6 |
>0.9 |
| Smoker_1st_trim |
0.52 |
-0.69, 1.7 |
0.4 |
| GestationalDiabetes |
0.41 |
-0.14, 1.0 |
0.2 |
| Preeclampsia |
-0.38 |
-2.3, 1.4 |
0.7 |
| Gravidity |
-2.1 |
-4.0, -0.59 |
0.012 |
| Infant_GAw |
-1.9 |
-2.5, -1.5 |
<0.001 |
| Small for Gestational Age |
|
|
|
| No |
— |
— |
|
| Yes |
6.6 |
4.9, 8.9 |
<0.001 |
| IronSupp_PreEarlyPreg |
0.83 |
-0.46, 2.3 |
0.2 |
| Characteristic |
log(OR) |
95% CI |
p-value |
| Ferritin_less30_19_21w |
|
|
|
| ID |
— |
— |
|
| Non-ID |
0.00 |
-1.1, 1.1 |
>0.9 |
| Smoker_1st_trim |
0.53 |
-0.69, 1.7 |
0.4 |
| GestationalDiabetes |
0.41 |
-0.14, 1.0 |
0.2 |
| Preeclampsia |
-0.38 |
-2.4, 1.4 |
0.7 |
| Gravidity |
-2.2 |
-4.0, -0.58 |
0.013 |
| Infant_GAw |
-1.9 |
-2.5, -1.5 |
<0.001 |
| Small for Gestational Age |
|
|
|
| No |
— |
— |
|
| Yes |
6.6 |
4.9, 8.9 |
<0.001 |
| IronSupp_PreEarlyPreg |
0.82 |
-0.47, 2.2 |
0.2 |
| Characteristic |
log(OR) |
95% CI |
p-value |
| Ferritin_less15_32_34w |
|
|
|
| ID |
— |
— |
|
| Non-ID |
3.6 |
1.0, 7.2 |
0.021 |
| Smoker_1st_trim |
0.92 |
-1.2, 3.0 |
0.4 |
| GestationalDiabetes |
1.1 |
0.07, 2.4 |
0.057 |
| Preeclampsia |
-1.2 |
-6.9, 3.7 |
0.7 |
| Gravidity |
-4.2 |
-8.7, -1.1 |
0.025 |
| Infant_GAw |
-2.0 |
-3.2, -1.3 |
<0.001 |
| Small for Gestational Age |
|
|
|
| No |
— |
— |
|
| Yes |
7.7 |
4.6, 13 |
<0.001 |
| IronSupp_PreEarlyPreg |
0.33 |
-1.9, 2.9 |
0.8 |
| Characteristic |
log(OR) |
95% CI |
p-value |
| Ferritin_less30_32_34w |
|
|
|
| ID |
— |
— |
|
| Non-ID |
3.0 |
0.91, 5.7 |
0.009 |
| Smoker_1st_trim |
0.96 |
-1.4, 3.3 |
0.4 |
| GestationalDiabetes |
1.1 |
0.15, 2.3 |
0.041 |
| Preeclampsia |
-1.1 |
-8.3, 4.6 |
0.8 |
| Gravidity |
-3.0 |
-6.8, -0.40 |
0.051 |
| Infant_GAw |
-2.0 |
-3.2, -1.2 |
<0.001 |
| Small for Gestational Age |
|
|
|
| No |
— |
— |
|
| Yes |
7.2 |
4.4, 12 |
<0.001 |
| IronSupp_PreEarlyPreg |
0.17 |
-2.3, 2.9 |
0.9 |
Models that exclude participants with Ferritin > 150 and/or CRP >10
| Characteristic |
log(OR) |
95% CI |
p-value |
| Ferritin_less15_14_16w |
|
|
|
| ID |
— |
— |
|
| Non-ID |
-0.82 |
-3.3, 1.4 |
0.5 |
| Smoker_1st_trim |
0.19 |
-1.1, 1.5 |
0.8 |
| GestationalDiabetes |
0.45 |
-0.14, 1.1 |
0.15 |
| Preeclampsia |
-0.52 |
-2.5, 1.2 |
0.6 |
| Gravidity |
-2.0 |
-3.9, -0.46 |
0.020 |
| Infant_GAw |
-1.9 |
-2.5, -1.4 |
<0.001 |
| Small for Gestational Age |
|
|
|
| No |
— |
— |
|
| Yes |
6.6 |
4.8, 9.0 |
<0.001 |
| IronSupp_PreEarlyPreg |
1.2 |
-0.22, 2.8 |
0.12 |
| Characteristic |
log(OR) |
95% CI |
p-value |
| Ferritin_less30_14_16w |
|
|
|
| ID |
— |
— |
|
| Non-ID |
-0.85 |
-2.2, 0.51 |
0.2 |
| Smoker_1st_trim |
0.18 |
-1.2, 1.5 |
0.8 |
| GestationalDiabetes |
0.44 |
-0.16, 1.1 |
0.2 |
| Preeclampsia |
-0.54 |
-2.5, 1.2 |
0.6 |
| Gravidity |
-2.0 |
-3.8, -0.39 |
0.024 |
| Infant_GAw |
-1.9 |
-2.5, -1.5 |
<0.001 |
| Small for Gestational Age |
|
|
|
| No |
— |
— |
|
| Yes |
6.7 |
4.9, 9.2 |
<0.001 |
| IronSupp_PreEarlyPreg |
1.2 |
-0.17, 2.8 |
0.10 |
| Characteristic |
log(OR) |
95% CI |
p-value |
| Ferritin_less15_19_21w |
|
|
|
| ID |
— |
— |
|
| Non-ID |
-0.10 |
-1.8, 1.7 |
>0.9 |
| Smoker_1st_trim |
0.24 |
-1.0, 1.5 |
0.7 |
| GestationalDiabetes |
0.39 |
-0.19, 1.0 |
0.2 |
| Preeclampsia |
-0.55 |
-2.6, 1.3 |
0.6 |
| Gravidity |
-2.2 |
-4.0, -0.55 |
0.015 |
| Infant_GAw |
-1.9 |
-2.5, -1.4 |
<0.001 |
| Small for Gestational Age |
|
|
|
| No |
— |
— |
|
| Yes |
6.8 |
5.0, 9.2 |
<0.001 |
| IronSupp_PreEarlyPreg |
1.1 |
-0.22, 2.6 |
0.12 |
| Characteristic |
log(OR) |
95% CI |
p-value |
| Ferritin_less30_19_21w |
|
|
|
| ID |
— |
— |
|
| Non-ID |
0.14 |
-1.0, 1.3 |
0.8 |
| Smoker_1st_trim |
0.25 |
-1.0, 1.5 |
0.7 |
| GestationalDiabetes |
0.39 |
-0.19, 1.0 |
0.2 |
| Preeclampsia |
-0.58 |
-2.7, 1.3 |
0.6 |
| Gravidity |
-2.2 |
-4.1, -0.58 |
0.015 |
| Infant_GAw |
-1.9 |
-2.5, -1.4 |
<0.001 |
| Small for Gestational Age |
|
|
|
| No |
— |
— |
|
| Yes |
6.8 |
5.0, 9.2 |
<0.001 |
| IronSupp_PreEarlyPreg |
1.1 |
-0.21, 2.6 |
0.12 |
| Characteristic |
log(OR) |
95% CI |
p-value |
| Ferritin_less15_32_34w |
|
|
|
| ID |
— |
— |
|
| Non-ID |
3.4 |
0.35, 8.5 |
0.087 |
| Smoker_1st_trim |
1.6 |
-1.0, 4.4 |
0.2 |
| GestationalDiabetes |
1.0 |
-0.16, 2.7 |
0.14 |
| Preeclampsia |
-0.23 |
-7.6, 6.4 |
>0.9 |
| Gravidity |
-4.6 |
-9.9, -0.92 |
0.039 |
| Infant_GAw |
-2.6 |
-4.4, -1.5 |
<0.001 |
| Small for Gestational Age |
|
|
|
| No |
— |
— |
|
| Yes |
8.6 |
4.7, 15 |
0.001 |
| IronSupp_PreEarlyPreg |
0.12 |
-2.8, 3.3 |
>0.9 |
| Characteristic |
log(OR) |
95% CI |
p-value |
| Ferritin_less30_32_34w |
|
|
|
| ID |
— |
— |
|
| Non-ID |
2.4 |
-0.14, 5.5 |
0.074 |
| Smoker_1st_trim |
1.5 |
-1.3, 4.6 |
0.3 |
| GestationalDiabetes |
1.1 |
-0.01, 2.5 |
0.081 |
| Preeclampsia |
-0.57 |
-9.9, 6.8 |
>0.9 |
| Gravidity |
-3.8 |
-8.9, -0.54 |
0.054 |
| Infant_GAw |
-2.6 |
-4.6, -1.5 |
<0.001 |
| Small for Gestational Age |
|
|
|
| No |
— |
— |
|
| Yes |
8.5 |
4.7, 16 |
0.001 |
| IronSupp_PreEarlyPreg |
0.42 |
-2.6, 4.0 |
0.8 |
Multivariate model results:
For the full sample, Ferritin status at the 33w visit was significantly associated with LBW status. Mothers that were non-ID at the 33w visit have significantly higher odds of LBW than those who were ID (both cutoffs).
ID status at the 15w visit was no longer significantly associated with LBW after adding in the covariates
No evidence of a statistical association between ID and LBW after excluding participants with Ferritin > 150 and/or CRP > 10. The 33w visit was close to significant for both ID thresholds, but ever so slightly higher than p = .05.